Projectile Motion Calculator — Range, Max Height & Flight Time

For an object launched at velocity V and angle θ (ignoring air resistance): Time of flight = (2×V×sin θ)/g, Maximum height = (V²×sin²θ)/(2g), Range = (V²×sin(2θ))/g, where g = 9.81 m/s² (gravitational acceleration). These formulas assume launch and landing at the same height.

45° gives the maximum range for a projectile launched and landing at the same height (assuming no air resistance). This is because sin(2θ) is maximized when 2θ = 90°, i.e. θ = 45°. Angles above or below 45° (like 30° or 60°) produce equal ranges to each other, just with different trajectory shapes (flatter vs higher arc).

No — this uses ideal projectile motion physics (a vacuum trajectory), which is the standard formula taught in introductory physics. Real-world air resistance significantly affects light or irregularly-shaped objects over long distances or high speeds, reducing actual range compared to this calculator's result.